China

People's Republic of China
Flag
Location  Asia
Capital  Beijing
Area  9,596,961 sq km
Population  1,384,688,986

"There's no fool like an old fool"
(Proverb/Quote of the Week)

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January

January 1 January 2 China's deep sea manned submersible Jiaolong carried out its first dive in southwestern Indian Ocean on 2 January 2015 in order to study active hydrothermal vent in the southwestern Indian Ocean. January 3 In a rare joint statement, permanent members of UN Security Council, China, Russia, Britain, the United States and France, on 3 January 2022 pledged to prevent atomic weapons from spreading and to ensure a nuclear war is never fought. A team Chinese researchers has found a way to produce bio-coal from plant waste. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances on 3 January 2020, the group describes their process and how the resulting product could be used to mitigate climate change. China's Chang'e-4 probe touched down on the far side of the moon on 3 January 2019, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon's uncharted side never visible from Earth. A team of Chinese and American scientists revealed that a 2-billion-year-old Martian rock recovered in the Sahara desert contains water. The research findings were published on 3 January 2013 in the journal Science. China and Grenada have signed a $4.8 million economic and technical cooperation agreement, according to an official announcement on 3 January 2013. January 4 Chinese scientists have succeeded in developing clonal seeds from hybrid rice, according to their research published in Nature Biotechnology on 4 January 2019. January 5 January 6 Chinese researchers have discovered a 130-million-year-old fossilized flower bud in China, the flower bud is the oldest known on record, as published in Geological Society, London, Special Publications on 6 January 2022. Chinese researchers have developed new strategies to delay ageing via gene therapy, according to their study published in Science Transitional Medicine on 6 January 2021. The Chinese government on 6 January 2014 destroyed 6.15 tonnes of seized elephant ivory accumulated through enforcement actions in a move signaling that China is firmly behind international action to address rampant elephant poaching and illegal ivory trade. January 7 China’s Chang’e-5 lunar lander detected signs of water molecules or hydroxyl, a close chemical cousin of H2O, on the surface of the Moon, as revealed in Science Advances on 7 January 2022. Archaeologists from Peking University China have discovered a group of 30 tombs, 28 chariots and 49 pairs of horse skeletons dating back 2,800 years in Zaoyang city, Hubei Province in China. The tombs are believed to belong to high-ranking Chinese nobility, as reported on 7 January 2015. Chinese manufacturer of automobiles BYD Co Ltd announced on 7 January 2013 it had gained official permission to sell its electric buses in all European Union member states. January 8 China's country code domain '.cn' has become the world's most commonly used in the Internet with 16.36 million users, surpassing Germany's '.de' domain, according to the data released on 8 January 2016 by the China Internet Network Information Centre (CNNIC). Chinese and Australian scientists have identified a gene that could enable soybean increase its tolerance of soil salinity, as revealed on 8 January 2015. January 9 China launched a pair of 0.5-meter high-resolution remote sensing satellites, SuperView-1 03/04, on 9 January 2018 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in North China’s Shanxi province. The mission aims to promote the country’s commercial use of high-resolution remote sensing satellites. Kuaizhou-1A, a Chinese commercial space launch vehicle, carried out its first mission and sent three satellites into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 9 January 2017. January 10 January 11 China's first domestically designed and manufactured stealth fighter jet made its first test flight on January 11, 2011. The maiden flight of this twin-engine fighter, known as J-20, lasted approximately 20 minutes. In a dramatic technological leap China conducted an anti-satellite missile test on January 11, 2007 in order to destroy an aging Chinese weather satellite. China is the third country to conduct such test after the United States and the Soviet Union. However, China faced international criticism over this weapons test. January 12 China sent twin satellites into space on a single carrier rocket Long March-3B on 12 January 2018 to help its BeiDou system provide navigation and positioning services to countries along the Belt and Road by late 2018. The twin satellites are coded as the 26th and 27th satellites in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). Chinese cartoonist, Xiao Bai, won the Gold Award at the 4th International Manga Award on 12 January 2011. The International Manga Award was created by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan to encourage non-Japanese artist to Japanese comic book. January 13 January 14 January 15 International Olympic Committee on 15 January 2018 awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal to Chinese artist Lv Junjie for his exceptional services to the Olympic movement. An international team of astronomers, including researchers from China, have spotted a cosmic explosion about 200 times more powerful than a typical supernova, as published on 15 January 2016 in the journal Science. At its peak intensity, the explosion—called ASASSN-15lh—shone with 570 billion times the luminosity of the Sun. January 16 January 17 January 18 The first China-to-Britain freight train arrived in London on 18 January 2017 after a 7,500-mile journey, marking a milestone in China's push to build commercial links across Europe and Asia. January 19 January 20 A new species of tiny, winged and feathered dinosaurs, named Wulong bohaiensis, was found in northeastern China and it is said to offer a glimpse into what Earth was like 120 million years ago. The findings were published in the journal The Anatomical Record on 20 January 2020. January 21 January 22 Wild leopard cats may have been domesticated by farmers in China more than 5,000 years ago, according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE on 22 January 2016 by Chinese researchers and their international colleagues. DNA analysis of an ancient human fossil found in a cave near Beijing has revealed that ancient humans living some 40,000 years ago in the area near Beijing were likely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans. The results were published on 22 January 2013 in the journal PNAS. January 23 China has cloned five monkeys from a gene-edited macaque with circadian rhythm disorders, the first-time multiple monkeys have been cloned from a gene-edited monkey for biomedical research, as revealed on 23 January 2019. January 24 In a world first, Chinese researchers have successfully cloned macaques using the same technique that yielded the famous clone Dolly the sheep. The milestone, published in Cell on 24 January 2018, marks the first time that primates have ever been cloned in such a manner. January 25 China launched a series of Yaogan-30 remote sensing satellites on 25 January 2018 on a Long March-2C carrier rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China’s Sichuan province. The number of Internet users in China has risen to 648 million, at the end of 2014, according to the figures published by the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) on 25 January 2015. The figure represents an increase of 30 million over 2013, as China continues to rise as the world's largest online population. Chinese woman tennis star Li Na captured her first Australian Open and second Grand Slam title on 25 January 2014 defeating Dominika Cibulkova of Slovakia 7-6 (3), 6-0 in the final. January 26 China launched a Long March-4C rocket to place a new satellite in space for land observing on 26 January 2022. January 27 January 28 Chinese golfer Li Haotong won the 2018 Dubai Desert Classic golf tournament at Emirates Golf Club defeating champion golfer Rory McIlroy. The first direct container train connecting China and Iran departed from the city of Yiwu in Zhejiang Province of China on 28 January 2016. It is the first regular container train linking China to the Middle East. China started the first test flights of private aircraft in its tightly controlled airspace. China’s aviation authorities allowed helicopters to fly in low-altitude airspace over the southern island of Hainan on January 28, 2011. January 29 China has banned smoking in schools, as reported on 29 January 2014, in a bid to prevent more people from picking up the habit. China's tennis superstar Li Na played the Australian Open 2011 final and ended her magic run in Australian Open as runner-up. In the process she became the first Asian (man or woman) singles player to reach a Grand Slam final. January 30 China's first nuclear power unit using Hualong One, a domestically designed third-generation nuclear reactor, on 30 January 2021 was put into commercial operation, paving the way for mass production and export. January 31 Scientists from China, Taiwan and Canada have discovered soft tissue sample inside a 195-million-year-old rib of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Lufengosaurus. The dinosaur fossil was discovered in China's Yunnan Province and was detailed in the journal Nature Communications on 31 January 2017.

February

February 1 February 2 February 3 Chinese and American scientists have identified a Jurassic age insect, Oregramma illecebrosa, whose behavior and appearance closely mimic a butterfly - but whose emergence on Earth predates the butterfly by about 40 million years. The discovery was published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B on 3 February 2016. February 4 The 2022 Winter Olympics was officially opened on 4 February 2022 in Beijing, China, with some events in Yanqing and Chongli. February 5 Chinese researchers and a team of international scientists have discovered a 100 million-year-old spider with a scorpion-like tail in the jungles of Myanmar. The spider, named Chimerarachne yingi, was detailed in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution on 5 February 2018. February 6 February 7 February 8 February 9 Researchers from China and the USA have found that the Earth’s inner core has an inner core of its own, with crystals aligned in a different direction. The findings are reported in the journal Nature Geoscience on 9 February 2015. February 10 China's first fully homegrown Mars mission, Tianwen-1, successfully entered in orbit around the Red Planet on 10 February 2021. The milestone makes China the sixth entity to get a probe to Mars, joining the United States, the Soviet Union, the European Space Agency, India and the United Arab Emirates. China's wind power capacity overtook the European Union (EU) total for the first time, according to the official statistics published by Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) on 10 February 2016. China has edged past the European Union in terms of total installed capacity, with 145.1 GW to the EU’s 141.6 GW. February 11 China and Taiwan on 11 February 2014 held their first government-to-government meeting since splitting during a civil war in 1949. The meeting - a symbolic yet historic move between the former bitter rivals - was aimed to build mutual trust. February 12 Chinese speed skater Gao Tingyu secured China's first-ever Olympic gold medal in speed skating, winning the men's 500m at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Chinese photojournalist Bao Tailiang won the first prize at the World Press Photo awards in the Sports category on 12 February 2015. February 13 Jianrou Li of China won gold in Ladies' 500 m Short Track Speed Skating at the 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games. February 14 Xu Mengtao won the first-ever Olympic gold medal in the freestyle skiing women's aerials for China at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. A 250 million-year-old fossil unearthed in China has revealed a pregnant long-necked marine reptile belonging to the animal group Archosauromorpha with its developing embryo, indicating this creature gave birth to live babies rather than laying eggs. The discovery was made by an international team of scientists, including researchers from China, and was detailed in the journal Nature Communications on 14 February 2017. Today Archosauromorpha is represented by birds and crocodiles — which both lay eggs. February 15 Chinese film "Black Coal, Thin Ice", a detective thriller set in northern China, won the Golden Bear prize for best film at the 2014 Berlin International Film Festival. February 16 February 17 Teeth from mammoths buried in the Siberian permafrost for more than a million years have yielded the world's oldest DNA ever sequenced, according to a study by a team of Chinese and international scientists published on 17 February 2021. The Chinese film Tuya's Marriage, about a woman's struggle to support her sick husband and family, won the top Golden Bear award at the 2007 Berlin International Film Festival. February 18 February 19 February 20 China sent four new technology experiment satellites into planned orbit from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China's Sichuan province on 20 February 2020. February 21 China and Turkey signed a three-year currency swap deal worth over $1.5 billion U.S. dollars on 21 February 2012 to enable bilateral trade in local currencies. The agreement is aimed at enhancing financial cooperation and promoting bilateral trade and investment, as well as ensuring regional financial stability. February 22 February 23 February 24 February 25 An international team of astronomers led by researchers from Peking University in China and from the University of Arizona, USA have identified a mammoth black hole weighing as much as 12 billion suns. It was named SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 and was discovered 12.8bn light years away from Earth, as described on 25 February 2015 in Nature. China's navy has taken delivery of the first of a new kind of stealth frigate that is expected to bolster the country's maritime defenses. The Type 056 stealth frigate - has a sleek design that helps it evade radar detection, and needs just one-third of the crew used by its predecessor - was delivered to the Chinese navy in Shanghai on 25 February 2013. February 26 Chinese scientists have discovered for the first time that there are two distinct species of red panda, not just one - Himalayan red pandas and Chinese red pandas, as published in the journal Science Advances on 26 February 2020. China has imposed a one-year ban on the import of ivory, as the measure took effect on 26 February 2015. China's Wang Meng powered into victory in the women's 1,000m short track speed skating race after 500m and 3,000m relay triumph at the Vancouver Olympics on 26 February 2010, becoming China's first winter Olympian to win three gold medals at one single Games. February 27 China successfully launched 22 new satellites in a single ride on 27 February 2022 morning, setting a new national record, from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in southern Hainan Province. Chinese architect Wang Shu was announced the winner of the prestigious Pritzker Prize on 27 February 2012. Wang became the first Chinese architect to win the Pritzker prize, seen as the Nobel Prize for architecture. February 28 Scientists from China, Brazil and the United States have linked two rats' brains, imbedded with electrodes in their cortex and connected via Internet, while a rat in a research institute in Natal, Brazil was helping the second rat at a university lab in Durham, North Carolina to get a reward. The research opens up the prospect of linking brains among animals to create an "organic computer" and helping the patients stricken with paralysis or locked-in syndrome. Their findings were published on 28 February 2013 in the journal Scientific Reports. February 29

March

March 1 March 2 Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China and North Carolina State University in the USA have discovered organic material preserved in 75-million-year-old dinosaur fossils, including cartilage cells, proteins, chromosomes, and DNA, as revealed on 2 March 2020. March 3 Chinese and English paleontologists have identified a new species of stegosaur from China, named Bashanosaurus primitivus, roamed the earth around 168 million years ago, as revealed in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology on 3 March 2022. Chinese scientists have developed a bionic soft robot in a bid to make deep-water exploration easier and more environmentally friendly. The fishlike robot can withstand the high pressure of the deep sea with its electronic components decentralized in a gel-like body, as revealed in the journal Nature on 3 March 2021. Tan Zhongyi of China became the 16th Women's World Chess Champion defeating Ukrainian GM Anna Muzychuk in the final match in Tehran on 3 March 2017. March 4 March 5 China successfully sent seven satellites, six satellites produced by Beijing-based GalaxySpace and a commercial remote sensing satellite, into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China's Sichuan province on 5 March 2022. An international team of researchers from China, Scotland and the USA have harvested energy from radio waves to power wearable devices, as published in Materials Today Physics on 5 March 2021. Based on analysis of several genes, a team of researchers from five countries, including researchers from China, identified ten primary branches in the tree of life of one of the largest groups of passerine birds, the so-called Passerida. March 6 Chinese scientists have mapped the genome sequencing of mangoes, providing a reference for its evolution and cultivation. Their research was published in the journal Genome Biology on 6 March 2020. Tianshi Zhong became China’s first world champion in an individual cycling event after claiming gold medal at the 2016 Track World Championships in London. China's men and women table tennis team won their respective world titles after both beating Japan in the final 3-0 at the 2016 World Team Table Tennis Championship in Malaysia. March 7 Chinese scientists and a team of international researchers have shown that the human hippocampus – a region in the brain essential for learning and memory - stop producing nerve cells around the age of 13. Their findings were detailed in the journal Nature on 7 March 2018. March 8 China's monthly trade surplus hit record $60.6 billion in February 2015, announced on 8 March 2015, as exports leapt 48.3 percent year-on-year to $169.2 billion while imports fell 20.5 percent to $108.6 billion. Chinese author Tsering Woeser was honored with the 2013 International Women of Courage Award by the United States Department of State at a presentation ceremony in Washington for speaking out publicly about human rights conditions for China's Tibetan citizens. Lawyer Jianmei Guo of China was awarded the 2011 International Women of Courage Award at a ceremony on 8 March 2011 for becoming an advocate for those excluded from access to law in China. March 9 China Southern Power Grid and Laos State Power Corporation signed an electricity cooperation agreement on 9 March 2022, highlighting the establishment of electricity grid interconnections in the Lancang-Mekong Region, in a move to set up a shared electricity market in the region. China launched the 54th satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China's Sichuan Province on 9 March 2020. March 10 China on 10 March 2019 launched a new communication satellite ChinaSat 6C to provide high-quality radio and TV transmission services. March 11 Chinese scientists and their international colleagues have discovered what they say is the smallest known dinosaur, after finding a fossil in northern Myanmar of the newly discovered species trapped in amber. The fossil shows a bird-like skull which is at least 99 million years old, as revealed in the journal Nature on 11 March 2020. March 12 The United Kingdom expressed interest to become a prospective founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), making it the first Western nation to embrace the China-backed institution, as announced on 12 March 2015. March 13 March 14 Chinese chess star Hou Yifan was crowned as the new world champion at the 2016 Women World Chess Championship beating reigning world champion Maria Muzychuk from Ukraine. March 15 A team of Chinese and Australian researchers discovered fossils of a previously unknown group of prehistoric humans in south-west China and named them as “Red Deer Cave people”. The research describing the Red Deer Cave people was published in the journal PLoS One on 15 March 2012. March 16 March 17 China launched a land exploration satellite aboard a Long March-2D rocket into a preset orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 17 March 2018. France, Germany and Italy on 17 March 2015 announced plans to join the Chinese-led development bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as the founding members. March 18 Chinese psychological drama, Mystery, about a man leading a double life with two wives won best film award at the 7th annual Asian Film Awards in Hong Kong on 18 March 2013. March 19 Chinese actress Ni Ni won the Best Newcomer honor at the 6th Asian Film Awards for her role in the film The Flowers of War. The awards ceremony took place on 19 March 2012 in Hong Kong. March 20 Switzerland and Luxembourg applied to join the China-led development bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as founding members, as revealed on 20 March 2015. March 21 Chinese actress Xu Fan won the Best Actress award for her performance in “Aftershock“ at the 5th Asian Film Awards in Hong Kong on March 21, 2011. March 22 Chinese paleontologists have discovered a trove of well-preserved fossils from 518 million years ago on a bank of the Danshui River in the southern Chinese province of Hubei. Details of the findings were published in the journal Science on 22 March 2019. Professor Meemann Chang of China received the 2018 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award from Asia/Pacific region for her pioneering work on fossil records leading to insights on how aquatic vertebrates adapted to life on land. China expanded its ban on ivory imports from 2016 to 2019 to protect African elephants, according to the official announcement by the State Forestry Administration on 22 March 2016. Celebrated Chinese composer Tan Dun was crowned on 22 March 2013 with the title of Goodwill Ambassador of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for his efforts to promote intercultural dialogue through music, consciousness of the scarcity of natural resources such as water, and the diversity of languages, as well as for his dedication to the ideals and aims of the UN. Chinese filmmaker Lu Chuan won the Best Director award for his film City of Life and Death at the 4th Asian Film Awards in Hong Kong on 22 March 2010. Chinese film actor Wang Xueqi won the Best Actor award for his performance in Bodyguards and Assassins at the 4th Asian Film Awards in Hong Kong on March 22, 2010. March 23 March 24 Chinese artist Ai Weiwei was named joint winner of Amnesty International’s Ambassador of Conscience Award for 2015 for his exceptional leadership in the fight for human rights. March 25 Chinese film Blind Massage won the Best Film Award at the 9th Asian Film Awards on 25 March 2015 in Macau. Chinese scientists have discovered a new species of white-cheeked macaque, Macaca leucogenys, in the southeastern Tibet. The shape of its penis made the species distinct from its four other types of counterparts found in the same area, as reported in the American Journal of Primatology on 25 March 2015. March 26 China and France signed a series of industrial co-operation deals worth 18 billion euros ($25 billion) on 26 March 2014 featuring aviation and automobile cooperation. China and Brazil signed a $30bn currency swap deal on 26 March 2013, designed to safeguard against future global financial crises. This agreement will ensure smooth bilateral trade, regardless of global financial conditions. Chinese scientists cloned a genetically modified sheep containing a good type of fat found naturally in nuts, seeds, fish and leafy greens that helps reduce the risk of heart attacks and cardiovascular disease. The sheep, namely Peng Peng was born on 26 March 2012 in a laboratory in China's far western region of Xinjiang. March 27 China and Iran on 27 March 2021 signed a twenty-five-year $400 billion strategic and economic cooperation agreement during Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi’s visit to Tehran. The Grandmaster, a Hong Kong-Chinese film, won the award for Best Film at the 8th annual Asian Film Awards in Macau on 27 March 2014. March 28 Chinese artist Xu Bing won the inaugural Artes Mundi prize in 2004 for Where Does The Dust Collect Itself?, an installation using dust he collected in New York on the day after the destruction of the World Trade Center. March 29 China's first hybrid carrier rocket, the Long March-6A, blasted off on 29 March 2022 with two satellites on board from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in north China's Shanxi Province. Ni Yulan, a Chinese activist who has fought to protect the legal rights of average citizens and promote the rule of law in China, was awarded the 2016 International Women of Courage Award at a ceremony on 29 March 2016 by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry. Chinese oil company PetroChina officially became the world’s largest publicly-traded oil producer, surpassing American Exxon Mobil Corp. in production. PetroChina announced on 29 March 2012 it had pumped 2.4 million barrels of oil a day in 2011, surpassing Exxon by some 100,000 barrels. March 30 Scientists form China and Australia have discovered that volcanic activity beneath the surface of Mars could be responsible for triggering repetitive Marsquakes, which are similar to earthquakes, as revealed in the journal Nature Communications on 30 March 2022. China successfully launched the second Gaofen-12 Earth observation satellite on 30 March 2021, marking latest in a line of high-resolution satellites to boost the country’s Earth observation capabilities. China on 30 March 2018 sent twin satellites into space with a Long March-3B carrier rocket, adding two more members for its domestic BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). Chinese pair Sui Wenjing and Han Cong won their first Skating World title on 30 march 2017 with a personal-best free skate score of 150.83. China successfully launched the 22nd satellite of its global navigation and positioning network BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), which is being developed as an alternative to US GPS, on 30 March 2016 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Hengqin Ocean Kingdom, a huge aquatic theme park in China, was officially opened in Guangdong Province to the general public on 30 March 2014 as the World’s Largest Aquarium. March 31 XinPei Zhang of China was selected as the Asia-Pacific regional winner for his image of different butterfly wings at the Olympus Image of the Year Award announced on 31 March 2021. Sweden and Kyrgyzstan on 31 March 2015 officially announced intention to apply as founding members to join the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as the deadline to join the bank as founding member passed on the same day. Methane-producing microbes may be responsible for the largest mass extinction in Earth's history - an event that wiped out 90 per cent of the planet's species 252 million years ago, according to a study published by Chinese and American scientists on 31 March 2014 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

April

April 1 April 2 April 3 Chinese researchers have created new ultrafine films—based on nanoparticles that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair—that could lead to materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times the data as a DVD. Their study was published in the journal Optical Materials Express on 3 April 2018. April 4 Cao Wenxuan from China won the 2016 Hans Christian Andersen Award at a ceremony in Italy for Writing in recognition to his lasting contributions to children literature. April 5 April 6 Chinese scientists expanded the ability of stem cells to regrow any tissue type, which allows scientists to generate both embryonic and non-embryonic tissues from cultured stem cells. The new technique is a step toward growing donor organs and replacement tissues to combat aging and diseases, as revealed on 6 April 2017 in the journal Cell. China successfully launched its first microgravity satellite, the SJ-10, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province on 6 April 2016. April 7 An international research team, including Chinese scientists, has sequenced the genomes of the oldest securely dated modern humans in Europe who lived around 45,000 years ago in Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, as published in the Nature on 7 April 2021. Chinese researchers have discovered ancient human fossils in a cave in northern Laos, as reported in the scientific journal PLOS One on 7 April 2015. The discovery revealed that early modern humans were quite physically diverse, and they revealed an earlier migration timeline in Southeast Asia than previously thought. April 8 April 9 Scientists in China produced liquid metal that can change shape and moves of its own accord, bringing researchers a step closer to creating a shape-shifting robot, as reported on 9 April 2015. China and Australia formally announced a currency pact on 9 April 2013 in Beijing, followed by months of negotiations. Under the deal, the currencies from the two countries will for the first time be directly convertible, without going through the US dollar as it used to happen. April 10 An international team of scientists, including researchers from China, has excavated 190-million-year-old dinosaur embryos in China. The fossils unearthed in China belonged to Lufengosaurus, a long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur known for its gigantic size, with adults growing up to 9m (30ft) long. Their findings were published on 10 April 2013 in the journal Nature. April 11 April 12 Astronomers from China and the USA using NASA's Hubble Telescope have confirmed the existence of the largest comet ever discovered, Comet C/2014 UN271, also known as Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein, is about 80 miles wide, as published on 12 April 2022 in the journal The Astrophysical Journal Letters. April 13 Scientists at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and University of Adelaide in Australia have discovered two proteins, OsDAF1 and OsINP1, in rice involved in pollen aperture formation which are essential in the successful pollination of flowering plants. Their study was published in the Journal Nature Plants on 13 April 2020. April 14 April 15 Former Chinese woman tennis star Li Na was named as the winner of the 2015 Laureus Academy Exceptional Achievement award for her inspirational career in the tennis court. China and Iceland signed a free trade agreement on 15 April 2013. Iceland became the first European country to sign a free trade agreement with China, offering hope to the country’s recession-battered economy and giving Beijing a boost in enhancing its influence in the Arctic. April 16 China successfully launched a new satellite, Zhongxing-6D, into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China's Sichuan province on 16 April 2022. Ma Jun from China won the 2012 Goldman Environmental Prize, considered as the Nobel Prize for grassroots environmentalism, on 16 April 2012. Ma was awarded for his work with corporations to clean up their practices with an online database and digital map that shows Chinese citizens which factories are violating environmental regulations in their country. April 17 April 18 April 19 A team of researchers from China, England and Germany has discovered a new species of bacterium, Desulfovibrio diazotrophicus, in the human gut that can convert nitrogen into a biologically useful form. Their study was published in the journal Environmental Microbiology on 19 April 2021. Mr. Zhou Qiang from China was awarded the prestigious Champions of the Earth Award by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on April 19, 2005. The award was given to Mr. Zhou and the All-China Youth Federation in recognition of Mr. Zhou’s outstanding achievements as honorary chairman of the Federation and leader of the China Mother River Protection Operation, which mobilized 300 million Chinese youth to protect the environment. April 20 China launched its first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou 1, the country’s largest and heaviest spacecraft, on 20 April 2017 on a mission to test resupply technology for a planned manned space station that will enter service in about five years. Chinese Academy of Sciences topped the ranking of the contributors to scientific research in 2015 published by journal Nature on 20 April 2016. April 21 April 22 April 23 Chinese scientists on 23 April 2019 unveiled a battery-free pacemaker that generates its energy from the heartbeats of pigs in what could pave the way for an "implant for life" in humans suffering from heart defects. April 24 The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) on 24 April 2015 signed a scientific cooperation agreement aimed at promoting academic cooperation in the fields of social sciences and humanities between Chinese and Bulgarian researchers. China's first satellite Dongfanghong-1 was launched on April 24, 1970. Dongfanghong-1 was launched using a domestic launcher, the Changzheng-1 rocket. The mission caught world attention and propelled China to become the fifth country to achieve independent launch capability. April 25 April 26 China on 26 April 2018 launched five Zhuhai-1 remote sensing satellites into space on a single Long March-11 carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. April 27 China and Nigeria on 27 April 2018 signed a bilateral local currency swap agreement for the purpose of facilitating bilateral trade and direct investment, and safeguarding financial market stability in both countries. Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully launched a new sounding rocket Kunpeng-1B on 27 April 2016. The rocket fulfilled its mission of taking measurements in the upper atmosphere that will help with research of rocket sounding, high-speed flight and space tourism. A group of Chinese and Turkish Christian evangelical explorers revealed, on 27 April 2010, that the wooden remains they have discovered on Mount Ararat in eastern Turkey are likely the remains of Noah's Ark. The group claims that carbon dating proves the relics are 4,800 years old, meaning they date to around the same time the ark was said to be afloat. April 28 China and Russia signed trade contracts worth 15 billion U.S. dollars on 28 April 2012 in order to expand their cooperation in various fields, including finance, direct investment, energy, mechanical and electronic products. April 29 China launched the core module of its space station the Tianhe module - which contains living quarters for crew members - from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre on a Long March-5B rocket on 29 April 2021. Chinese scientists have discovered fossils of a 160 million year-old dinosaur with bat-like wings in China. The dinosaur, named "Yi qi" - Mandarin for "strange wing", was described in the journal Nature on 29 April 2015. April 30 China successfully launched five satellites into orbit on a Long March 11 solid-fuelled rocket that lifted from a platform at sea on 30 April 2022, setting a new distance record for the country's offshore launches. Chinese researchers and a team of international scientists have produced a new genome map of roses, which took eight years to complete, revealing genes involved in scent production, colour and the longevity of the flowers. Their study was published in the journal Nature Genetics on 30 April 2018. Chinese Professor Jiayang Li was elected to the prestigious Royal Society, a fellowship of the world's most eminent scientific minds, on 30 April 2015. China successfully launched two more satellites for its Beidou system, China's own navigation and positioning satellite network, on 30 April 2012. To have global coverage with Beidou, China eventually aims to have 35 satellites in orbit by 2020.

May

May 1 For the first time, scientists have found a 160,000-year-old jawbone fossil from an extinct ancient human lineage known as the Denisovans in a cave on the Tibetan plateau. The discovery was made by Chinese scientists and their international colleagues and published in the journal Nature on 1 May 2019. Chinese researchers have successfully sequenced the genome of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, for the first time. Their findings were published in the journal Molecular Plant on 1 May 2017. An international team of biologists, including researchers from China, have identified a new bird species in China based on its distinctive song. The new bird, the Sichuan bush warbler, was discovered in five mountainous provinces in central China and was described in the Avian Research journal on 1 May 2015. Six traditional farming systems in China, South Korea and Iran known for their unique characteristics and approaches to sustainability have been designated Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) by Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, as announced on 1 May 2014. They include a trio of sites in China: the unique Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem, famous for its method of water-land utilization; the historic Jasmine and Tea Culture System of Fuzhou City; and, the Jiaxian Traditional Chinese Date Gardens. Researchers from China and their international colleagues have created a digital camera that mimics the eyes of fire ants. The curved cameras capture a wide field of view with nearly infinite depth perception. Their findings were published on 1 May 2013 in the journal Nature. May 2 May 3 Chinese researchers along with their international colleagues have discovered fossil remains of a new species of meat-eating dinosaur in the northwestern corner of China. The dinosaur, Aorun zhaoi, was only a few feet in length and lived during the Late Jurassic Period nearly 161 million years ago, according to a study published on 3 May 2013. May 4 China launched a new communication satellite APSTAR-6C on 4 May 2018 from the Southwestern Xichang Satellite Launch Center. May 5 China's new large carrier rocket Long March-5B made its maiden flight on 5 May 2020, sending the trial version of China's new-generation manned spaceship and a cargo return capsule for test into space. Chinese and Australian researchers have discovered the fossilized remains of oldest known relative of modern birds with intact plumage dating to 130 million years ago in north-eastern China. The new bird was named Archaeornithura meemannae and was reported on 5 May 2015 in the journal Nature Communications. The government of China attempted for artificial rainfall to alleviate drought and dusty weather on 5 May 2006. A total of 163 pieces of cigarette-like sticks containing silver iodide were burnt and seven rocket shells were launched, which resulted in a heavy rainfall. May 6 China claimed their ninth consecutive men’s table tennis title at the 2018 World Team Table Tennis Championships defeating Germany 3-0 in Sweden. May 7 Scientists from China and Scotland have discovered a species of long-snouted dinosaur in Ganzhou, China which stalked the Earth more than 66 million years ago. The animal, nicknamed Pinocchio rex, belonged to the same family as Tyrannosaurus rex was reported on 7 May 2014 in Nature Communications. Chinese micro-blogging site Weicombo won the Bobs 2014, Deutsche Welle sponsored online activism award, in the Most Creative and Original category. Prominent Chinese blogger Li Chengpeng won the prestigious jury's prize for Best Blog at the Deutsche Welle sponsored Best of the Blogs Awards 2013 for the best blog in online activism. May 8 A new species of dinosaur named Ambopteryx longibrachium with bat-like wings has been discovered in China, shedding light on how dinosaurs evolved into birds. The discovery was published in the journal Nature on 8 May 2019. May 9 May 10 A team of international scientists from China, the U.S., Australia and Japan has sequenced and annotated the genome of the "sacred lotus," which is believed to have a powerful genetic system that repairs genetic defects, and may hold secrets about aging successfully. The scientists sequenced more than 86 percent of the nearly 27,000 genes of the plant, Nelumbo nucifera, which is revered in China and elsewhere as a symbol of spiritual purity and longevity. The research was published on 10 May 2013 in the journal Genome Biology. Zhang Yue, chairman and founder of BROAD Group in China, was awarded the prestigious 2011 Champions of the Earth Award by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on May 10, 2011 for business leadership on energy efficiency and sustainable production. May 11 May 12 China successfully sent two satellites, Xingyun-2 01 and 02, into orbit on 12 May 2020 to test the space-based Internet of Things (IoT) communications technology. May 13 Chinese scientists and an international group of researchers have identified the first known amber encasing an ancient sea animal called ammonite about 100 million years ago. The study was published on 13 May 2019 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences described the 6.08 gram amber, which is 33 mm long, 9.5 mm wide and 29 mm high. China launched its first domestically built aircraft carrier to begin sea trials on 13 May 2018, reaching another milestone in the expansion of the country's navy. May 14 May 15 China on 15 May 2021 successfully landed its first rover - a solar-powered rover named Zhurong - on Mars, becoming only the second nation to do so. China successfully launched the Yaogan-30 remote sensing satellite via a Long March rocket on 15 May 2016 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The satellite will be used for scientific experiments, land survey, crop yield assessment, and disaster monitoring. China and India on 15 May 2015 signed 24 agreements worth over $10 billion during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to China. The agreements ensure cooperation between the world's two most populous nations in various sectors, including the railways, trade negotiations and tourism. May 16 China topped the 2017 Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index published by Ernst & Young for its initiatives to support a clean energy future. China and the European Union on 16 May 2014 signed a landmark mutual recognition agreement to strengthen customs cooperation. Under the agreement, the EU and China commit to recognizing each other's certified safe traders, thereby allowing these companies to benefit from faster controls and reduced administration for customs clearance. May 17 May 18 The world’s largest floating solar PV power plant in Huainan, China, with the capacity of 40MW - enough to power 15,000 homes, was connected to the grid in 2017. May 19 May 20 Scientists in China have developed a spherical visual sensor that mimics the structure of the human eye, a human-like artificial eye capable of being powered by sunlight could eventually be used as a visual aid for people who cannot see. Their findings were published in the journal Nature on 20 May 2020. China and India signed eight agreements on trade and water resources on 20 May 2013 during Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s visit to India. The two nations also decided in principle to accelerate talks and evolve a framework to end their border disputes. May 21 China launched a relay satellite on 21 May 2018 to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang’e-4 lunar probe that will explore the Moon’s mysterious far side. China and Russia signed a $400-billion 30-year gas supply deal on 21 May 2014, securing China a major source of cleaner fuel and opening up a new market for Russia. China's Wanda Group agreed to buy US movie chain AMC Entertainment for $2.6 billion to create world's largest cinema owner, according to an official announcement on 21 May 2012. It was China’s biggest takeover of an American company to date. May 22 Chinese and German scientists have discovered 3,000-year-old trousers in the ancient Yanghai graveyard in China's Tarim Basin what appears to be the earliest example of trouser wearing. The findings were reported on 22 May 2014 in the journal Quaternary International. May 23 On May 23, 1958, Mao Zedong, leader of the People's Republic of China, instituted the "Great Leap Forward." Running from 1958 to early 1960, it was a campaign aimed at using the Communist state's cheap labor supply to rapidly industrialize the economy. Tens of millions peasants were mobilized to produce steel, the ultimate symbol of industrialization. May 24 May 25 A new double-contrast technique developed by researchers from China and the USA, offers a significant advance in using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to pick out even very small tumors from normal tissue. The work is published on 25 May 2020 in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. May 26 May 27 The United Nations awarded two fallen peacekeepers from China posthumously with the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal on 27 May 2021. Tsang Yin-hung of Hong Kong in China recorded the world’s fastest ascent of Everest by a woman with a time of just under 26 hours, as official in Nepal reported on 27 May 2021. China on 27 May 2017 launched a national satellite navigation and positioning system, featuring faster speed, higher accuracy and wider coverage. It will be compatible with other satellite navigation systems. Dr Palize Mehmett of China, who has focused on basic public health initiatives in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China, was presented with the United Arab Emirates Health Foundation Prize on 27 May 2016 during the plenary meeting of the World Health Assembly. May 28 Chinese film Xiao Cheng Er Yue (A Gentle Night) won the Palme D’or for Short Films at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. May 29 China’s Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft docked with the Tianhe space station module in low Earth orbit on 29 May 2021, eight hours after launch from Wenchang spaceport. May 30 China launched a new civilian high-resolution mapping satellite Ziyuan III 02 on 30 May 2016 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. May 31

June

June 1 Chinese and American researchers have created a sodium-ion battery that holds as much energy and works as well as some commercial lithium-ion battery chemistries, making for a potentially viable battery technology out of abundant and cheap materials, as revealed on 1 June 2020. Indoor smoking ban in China's capital, Beijing, came into effect on 1 June 2015. The law makes smoking in offices, restaurants, hotels and hospitals illegal, with unprecedented fines and a hotline to report offenders. China and South Korea on 1 June 2015 officially signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that will remove most tariffs on exports between the countries when it enters into force. China and Japan started direct currency trading on 1 June 2012 for the first time, without having to use the US dollar as an intermediary currency, to boost ties between the two Asian economic giants. June 2 China on 2 June 2018 launched a new Earth observation satellite, Gaofen-6, which will be mainly used in agricultural resources research and disaster monitoring. June 3 Wang Yue from China's space programme joined the project MARS-500 along with three Russians and two Europeans. Under the project MARS-500 all six men were locked away from the outside world inside a sealed facility for the next 18 months, starting from 3 June 2010, in an unprecedented simulation of a manned mission to Mars. June 4 Li Na became the first Chinese tennis player to win a Grand Slam singles title after beating defending champion Francesca Schiavone of Italy 6-4 7-6 (7-0) to win the 2011 French Open on June 4, 2011. She also made history as first Asian woman to win a grand slam. June 5 China successfully launched a rocket from a mobile launch platform in the Yellow Sea off Shandong province on 5 June 2019, sending two technology experiment satellites and five commercial satellites into space. It is China’s first space launch from a sea-based platform. China on 5 June 2018 launched the new Fengyun-2H meteorological satellite to improve the accuracy of weather forecasting and provide better meteorological services to countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. June 6 June 7 June 8 June 9 Chinese surgeons on 9 June 2015 successfully separated conjoined twins, at the hip and lower spine, at the Fudan University Children's Hospital in Shanghai. 3D printing technology was used in making models for virtual operation to make sure the separation would succeed. June 10 Feng Shanshan became the first Chinese golfer to win a major title by firing a bogey-free five-under par 67 on 10 June 2012 to capture the Wegmans LPGA Championship by two strokes. June 11 Late Chinese cancer researcher Jian Zhou and Australian immunologist Professor Ian Frazer were awarded the prestigious Popular Prize at the 2015 European Inventor Award for their invention of the world's first vaccine against cervical cancer. Chinese and American researchers have identified a newly discovered 3-to-5-million-year-old Tibetan fox from the Himalayan Mountains, Vulpes qiuzhudingi, as the oldest close relative of the living Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus. Their findings were published on 11 June 2014 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. China successfully launched a spacecraft, Shenzhou 10, with three astronauts on board on 11 June 2013 on a 15-day mission to the orbiting Tiangong experimental space lab in the latest step towards the development of a Chinese space station. Chinese archaeologists have unearthed 110 new terracotta warriors that laid buried for centuries, according to an official announcement on 11 June 2012, whose purpose was to guard the tomb of China’s first emperor. June 12 China successfully launched the 23rd navigation satellite for its Beidou global navigation and positioning network on 12 June 2016. June 13 June 14 Astronomers from China, Germany and Estonia have discovered the largest known spinning structures in the universe, tendrils of galaxies up to hundreds of millions of light-years long, according to a study published on 14 June 2021 in the journal Nature Astronomy. China was elected as a member of the prestigious Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations for the term 2020-2022 from the Asia-Pacific region on 14 June 2019. June 15 China launched its first X-ray space telescope to observe black holes, pulsars and gamma-ray bursts, via a Long March-4B rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China’s Gobi Desert on 15 June 2017. Doctors at the Peking University Third Hospital China have performed the world’s first successful spinal operation with 3D printed custom implants, as revealed on 15 June 2016. June 16 Chinese researchers have opened a route to large-scale hydrogen production by discovering a better way to split water without relying on precious metals using a new material, meaning they found a cheaper way to produce hydrogen from water. The new material is a monolayered double hydroxide involving nickel and vanadium, which offers a state-of-art electrocatalyst for water oxidation, as revealed on 16 June 2016 in the journal Nature. China successfully launched its most ambitious space mission yet on 16 June 2012, carrying its first female astronaut and two male colleagues in an attempt to dock a manned spaceship in orbit. The space shuttle Shenzhou-9, which means "divine vessel," was launched into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert in China's northwest. June 17 Researchers in China have discovered a 26.5-million-year-old giant rhino skull dubbed as Paraceratherium linxiaense in the Gansu Province of northwestern China, as revelled in the journal Communications Biology on 17 June 2021. China on 17 June 2021 launched its first crewed mission in five years, successfully sending three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo, to its new Tianhe space station. China and Britain on 17 June 2014 signed trade and investment deals worth more than $23 billion dollars during a visit by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in the UK. China on 17 June 2013 unveiled Tianhe-2, a supercomputer developed by China’s National University of Defense Technology, as the world's most powerful computer with a performance of 33.86 petaflop/sec on the Linpack benchmark. June 18 Chinese scientists and their international colleagues have found a genetic variant among Greenlanders that dramatically increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Their study was published in Nature on 18 June 2014. A team of international scientists, including researchers from China, has found an Achilles' heel of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The findings, published on 18 June 2014 in the journal Nature, pave the way for a new wave of drugs that kill superbugs by bringing down their defensive walls rather than attacking the bacteria itself. China, the world's largest carbon emitter, launched its first carbon trading scheme in the southern city of Shenzhen on 18 June 2013 aimed at reducing emissions. Under the scheme, companies will be assigned an emissions quota and will be able to profit from selling excess permits to other firms if they emit below their quota. June 19 June 20 Chinese supercomputer, the Sunway TaihuLight, captured the top spot on the TOP500 list of powerful supercomputers released on 20 June 2016. The machine is powered by a new ShenWei processor and custom interconnect, both of which were developed locally, with a Linpack mark of 93 petaflops. China's second female astronaut, Wang Yaping, delivered the country's first-ever video lecture from space on 20 June 2013 to 330 elementary and middle school students in Beijing from aboard the Tiangong 1 prototype space station. June 21 An international team of researchers and Chinese scientists have mapped out the genomes of 44 ruminant species and explained insights like why deer are less likely to develop cancer, as reported in the journal Science on 21 June 2019. China and Brazil on 21 June 2012 signed a handful of trade agreements aimed at boosting investment and commerce flows for the coming decade. The agreements were signed by Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. June 22 China and Britain on 22 June 2013 reached a three-year deal to swap their currencies when needed, the first such agreement between Beijing and a major developed economy and a move that could help boost the Chinese yuan outside Asia. June 23 China launched the last satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) on 23 June 2020, marking the completion of the deployment of its own global navigation system. The Tianhe-2 supercomputer, developed by China's National University of Defense Technology, remained the world's most powerful computer, according to a Top500 list of supercomputers published on 23 June 2014. June 24 June 25 China's first self-operated 1,500-meter deep-water gas field, Lingshui 17-2 gas field, started production on 25 June 2021, according to the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). China sent a new satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province on 25 June 2019. China successfully launched its new generation Long March-7 carrier rocket into space on 25 June 2016 from Wenchang space launch center in south China's Hainan province. June 26 June 27 June 28 The first two generating units of the world’s second-biggest hydroelectric dam, the Baihetan Dam on the Jinsha River, on 28 June 2021 were officially turned on in southwestern China. A new method used by Chinese and French scientists to perform geochemical analysis of fossilised eggs has shown that oviraptor dinosaur incubated their eggs with their bodies within a 35–40° C range, similar to extant birds today. Their findings were reported in the journal Palaeontology on 28 June 2017. The New Century Global Center was officially opened on 28 June 2013 in the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu as the world's largest building. The building is so large it is capable housing 20 Sydney Opera Houses and is almost three times the size of the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Two rare bronze Chinese zodiac sculptures, looted from Beijing's Old Summer Palace during the 1860s, were officially returned to China on 28 June 2013 by the Pinault family, owners of the French luxury group Kering. June 29 Chinese and American bioengineers have designed a glove-like device that can translate American Sign Language into English speech in real time through a smartphone app. Their research is published in the journal Nature Electronics on 29 June 2020. China on 29 June 2015 hosted the formal signing ceremony of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in Beijing in presences of the delegates from 50 founding member countries. June 30 The World Health Organization (WHO) declared China malaria-free, after a 70-year effort to wipe it out, on 30 June 2021. The Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge, located between Nanjing and Shanghai in East of China, was officially inaugurated on 30 June 2011 as the world's longest bridge. The length of the Bridge is 164.8 kilometers and it is 80 meters in span.

July

July 1 Hong Kong, a city-state situated south of China, was handed back to China by Britain on July 1, 1997 marked the end of 150 years of British rule in Hong Kong. July 2 July 3 A team of Chinese and Japanese scientists has discovered the highest energy cosmic gamma rays ever observed from an observatory in Tibet, opening a new window to explore the extreme universe. The energy of the gamma rays is as high as 450 TeV, equivalent to 45 billion times of the energy of X-rays for medical diagnosis, was revealed on 3 July 2019. July 4 July 5 China successfully sent a satellite, the second of the Shiyan-6 series, for space environment study and related technology experiments into the planned orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China on 5 July 2020. China and Pakistan signed eight agreements on 5 July 2013 in the presence of Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang. The agreements include establishment of an economic corridor between Pakistan and China‚ construction and establishment of 2000 MW coal power plant‚ and a solar power project in Punjab, among others. July 6 UNESCO inscribed China's Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City on the World Heritage List on 6 July 2019. It brings total number of World Heritage sites in China to 55, the highest in the world. China and Switzerland on 6 July 2013 signed a free trade agreement in Beijing, a comprehensive and mutually beneficial pact that should contribute to increased trade between the two economies. Peng Shuai of China and Taiwan's Su-Wei Hsieh won the Wimbledon Ladies' Doubles title on 6 July 2013 with a 7-6 (7/1), 6-1 win over Australian duo, Ashleigh Barty and Casey Dellacqua. Peng gave China its first doubles title at a major in seven years. July 7 China and Germany on 7 July 2014 signed a number of business agreements in Beijing, including buying helicopters from Germany, worth over $400 million and setting up a new automobile manufacturing base in China, during German Chancellor Angela Merkel's 7th visit to China. The Great Wall of China refers to several walls of stone built since the 5th century BC to protect northern borders of China, was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World by New7Wonders Foundation. The Official New 7 Wonders of the World were announced in random order at the Official Declaration Ceremony on July 7, 2007(07.07.07) in Lisbon. July 8 July 9 July 10 Doctors at the Wuhan Union Hospital in China have successfully transplanted kidneys from a prematurely born donor baby into a 47-year-old woman suffering from kidney failure. The donor weighed only 1.3 kilograms, the lightest kidney donor ever reported, as reported by the hospital on 10 July 2019. Chinese researchers teleported the first ever object, a photon, from the ground to a satellite called Micius orbiting more than 500 kilometers above. The team working on the Micius satellite, launched in 2016, announced the results of its first experiments on 10 July 2017. China topped the world in renewable energy production, according to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy report released on 10 July 2017. July 11 China launched its second data relay satellite, developed by the China Academy of Space Technology, on 11 July 2011. The new satellite will bolster the country's satellite communication network for space docking. July 12 July 13 The first ever land-based cross border optical fiber project between China and Pakistan was inaugurated on 13 July 2018, a significant digital achievement under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Chinese students took the top honor at the 2014 International Mathematical Olympiad with five gold medals and one silver medal. July 14 July 15 Scientists from China, South Africa and the USA have discovered largest four-winged dinosaur to date. The 125-million-year-old fossil of the feathered dinosaur, named Changyuraptor yangi, was unearthed in northeastern China and reported on 15 July 2014 in Nature Communications. July 16 A 520-million-year-old well-preserved sea monster, dubbed Lyrarapax unguispinus, was unearthed in China. The fossils of the new species were so well preserved that the nervous system and parts of the brain were still clearly defined and reported by Chinese, English and American researchers in the journal Nature on 16 July 2014. July 17 July 18 A group of scientists from China, Canada, the United States and Australia has discovered a 99-million year old snake preserved in a piece of amber from the Hukawng Valley, in north Myanmar's Kachin State. The snake, lived during the age of dinosaurs, was described in Science Advances on 18 July 2018. The World Health Organization presented a certificate of recognition to China on 18 July 2012 for stepping up efforts to curb tobacco use in recent years. China's first hybrid buses with solar panels were rolled off production line in the city of Qiqihar in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province on 18 July 2012. July 19 China successfully launched a new remote-sensing satellite group from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China's Sichuan province on 19 July 2021 by a Long March-2C carrier rocket. July 20 China unveiled a homegrown magnetic levitation train capable of reaching 600 kph, the fastest train ever built by the country, as announced by the China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) on 20 July 2021. July 21 China's central bank on 21 July 2014 signed a bilateral currency swap agreement with the Swiss National Bank (SNB) worth 150 billion yuan, or 21 billion Swiss francs ($24.4 billion). July 22 China and the UAE signed several agreements on 22 July 2019 aimed at boosting bilateral ties covering sectors such as energy, investment and real estate during Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan’s visit to China. Insects the size of human faces have been found in Sichuan province, China, experts from the Insect Museum of West China revealed on 22 July 2014. July 23 July 24 China launched its first independent Mars mission on 24 July 2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, opening the nation's planetary exploration program. July 25 Chinese private rocket firm iSpace successfully launched a carrier rocket into orbit on 25 July 2019 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, marking a milestone for China's commercial space industry as the first Chinese private space firm to do so. China launched two new satellites into space on 25 July 2015 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan province. The two satellites launched were the 18th and 19th of the China's domestic navigation system Beidou. July 26 July 27 Chinese solar panel exporters and the Europe Union announced on 27 July 2013 that they had reached a settlement in their long trade dispute, with the exporters agreeing to sell their products at a minimum price in the EU market. The agreement will allow Chinese manufacturers to continue to export their products to Europe and retain fair market shares. July 28 Tiger populations in five countries, including China, are making a comeback, according to WWF Tigers Alive Initiative report published on 28 July 2020. A 793-kilometre long gas pipeline between China and Myanmar went into operation on 28 July 2013. The pipeline, runs from Kyaukpyu on resource-rich Myanmar's west coast and enters south-west China at Ruili, is expected to transfer 12 billion cubic meters of natural gas to China annually. July 29 Team BoneyCare of China won the Ability Award at the 2016 Microsoft Imagine Cup World Championship for designing an app to treat speech impairments such as stuttering. On 29 July 2006 the Kazakhstan-China Oil Pipeline, owned by the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and the Kazakh oil company KazMunayGas, became commercially operational as the first crude oil delivered through the pipeline arrived at the tank farm of Dushanzi Petrochemical in China. It is China's first transnational oil pipeline. July 30 July 31 China launched Gaofen-11, an optical remote sensing satellite, as part of the country’s high-resolution Earth observation project on 31 July 2018. Chinese capital Beijing was named as the host city of the Olympic Winter Games 2022 by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 31 July 2015.

August

August 1 August 2 August 3 August 4 August 5 Researchers from China and their international colleagues have revealed the way spiders regulate their silk spinning process. The findings were published in the journal PLOS Biology on 5 August 2014. August 6 China on 6 August 2016 successfully launched its first satellite for mobile telecommunication named Tiantong-01. It is the first satellite of China’s home-made satellite mobile telecom system, and a key part of the country’s space information infrastructure. Chinese swimmer Ning Zestao won the men’s 100m freestyle gold at the 2015 World Swimming Championships in Russia. Ning became the first Asian world champion in the 100m freestyle event at the FIAN World Championships. August 7 August 8 China's monthly trade surplus leaped to a record $47.3 billion in July 2014, nearly tripling year-on-year, official data showed on 8 August 2014. August 9 Chinese and American researchers have discovered 160 million-year-old fossils of first winged mammals in China. Their discovery was detailed in the journal Nature on 9 August 2017. August 10 August 11 August 12 Scientists from China and Brazil have discovered two new species of dinosaurs, Silutitan sinensis and Hamititan xinjiangensis, in a region where dinosaur fossils had never been unearthed, in the Turpan-Hami Basin in northwest China, according to a study published on 12 August 2021 in Nature Scientific Reports. Chinese documentary Mrs. Fang won the Golden Leopard award at the 2017 Locarno Film Festival in Switzerland. August 13 An international team of scientists, including researchers from China, has uncovered unique inscriptions in a cave in China that describe how droughts affected the local population over the past five centuries, and underline the importance of implementing strategies to deal with climate change in the coming years. Their findings were presented in the journal Scientific Reports on 13 August 2015. August 14 Chinese men's team won a historic gold medal at the 2014 Chess Olympiad in Norway’s Tromso, becoming the first Asian country to take the men's team world title. August 15 August 16 China successfully launched the world’s first quantum satellite, Quantum Experiments at Space Scale (QUESS), from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in north-western Gobi Desert on 16 August 2016. The second Summer Youth Olympic Games was inaugurated on 16 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. Remains of the oldest ancestor of the most evolutionarily successful and long-lived mammal lineage have been unearthed in China, according to a new study by researchers from China and the US published on 16 August 2013 in the journal Science. The mammal - one of several creatures known as multituberculates - looked like a cross between a small rat and a chipmunk. It lived 160 million years ago during the Cretaceous era. August 17 August 18 A team of researchers from China and Canada has identified a turtle egg fossil from the Cretaceous period that contains an embryo. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B on 18 August 2021 it reveals that the egg was found in China's Henan Province. Miss China Yu Wenxia was crowned the Miss World 2012 title. This is the second time Miss China has been awarded the title. China and Russia launched their first-ever joint military exercises, named “Peace Mission 2005”, on 18 August 2005 — an eight-day event that symbolizes the two countries' bolstered ties. August 19 China successfully launched Gaofen-2, a high-definition Earth observation satellite, into orbit on 19 August 2014. It is China's most advanced high-definition Earth observation satellite yet, and is expected to see a one-meter-long object in full color. August 20 August 21 Chinese author Cixin Liu became the first Asian to win the Hugo Award for best science fiction or fantasy novel on 21 August 2015 for his novel The Three-Body Problem. China and Jamaica signed four agreements on 21 August 2013 on economic, education and technical co-operation between both governments. August 22 August 23 August 24 August 25 China on 25 August 2018 successfully launched twin BeiDou navigation satellites into space on a single Long March-3B carrier rocket. August 26 August 27 China's Liu Lei ended his Paralympic career on a high note by winning the powerlifting gold in the men’s up to 65kg category at the Tokyo Paralympic Games on 27 August 2021. August 28 August 29 A lion-sized dinosaur must have stalked its prey like cat, used guile and agility to outwit their feathered prey, a Chinese- Canadian research team has found. The research was published in the journal PLoS One on 29 August 2012 based on the results of a careful analysis of the stomach remains of two Sinocalliopteryx fossils. August 30 August 31

September

September 1 China on 1 September 2021 revealed a domestically built prototype miniature helicopter for surveillance work on future Mars missions, as announced by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). A social security agreement between China and Japan covering nationals working in the other country took effect on 1 September 2019. Under the agreement, Japan will exempt China's dispatched employees, crew members, flight attendants, diplomatic and consular personnel and civil servants working in the country from the obligation to pay two major local annuities, while China will do the same for their Japanese counterparts. September 2 September 3 September 4 September 5 September 6 A Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft on 6 September 2020 returned to the scheduled landing site after a two-day in-orbit operation. The spacecraft was launched with a Long March-2F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. September 7 China and Kazakhstan signed 22 agreements on 7 September 2013 worth a total of around $30 billion, including several deals in the key oil and gas sector, in order to strengthen bilateral relationship. September 8 Chinese winery He Lan Qing Xue Xue won top honor at Decanter World Wine Awards in 2011. It was for the first time in the history of the Decanter World Wine Awards a Chinese wine has won at the highest level. September 9 China and Uzbekistan on 9 September 2013 signed agreements worth $15 billion in key sectors, including the exploitation of oil, gas, and uranium fields. September 10 Tennis player Wu Yibing became first Chinese player to win Grand Slam boys singles title after beating Axel Geller 6-4, 6-4 in US Open boys final on 10 September 2017. China completed the 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women’s World Grand Champions Cup with an unbeaten record, claiming their second title at the Nippon Gaishi Hall on 10 September 2017 defeating hosts Japan 3-1 (25-22, 24-26, 25-18, 25-16) in the last match. A team of international scientists, including researchers from China, has discovered a new species of human relative in a cave system in South Africa, and named it Homo naledi. Their findings were published in the journal Elife on 10 September 2015. The 2007 FIFA Women’s World Cup was held in China from 10 to 30 September 2007. It was especially significant because China had to give up the right to host Women’s World Cup 2003 in final moment for the deadly outbreak of SARS disease in human. September 11 Beixi Moshuo (Behemoth), by Chinese filmmaker Zhao Liang, was awarded the 2015 Green Drop Award at the 72nd Venice Film Festival. This prize is awarded to the movie best representing the values of ecology and environmental sustainability. September 12 On 12 September 2021, China Huaneng Group (CHGC) announced the start up of the world’s first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), at Shidaowan nuclear power plant in the eastern province of Shandong in China. Chinese architect Zhang Ke was awarded the 2017 Alvar Aalto Medal, one of the most internationally recognized architecture prizes, by Finland's Alvar Aalto Foundation. September 13 September 14 September 15 China on 15 September 2016 successfully launched its second space lab Tiangong-2 into orbit, paving the way for a permanent space station the country plans to build around 2022. September 16 Chinese scientists have uncovered the fossil of a bird, dubbed as Yuanchuavis, that lived 120 million years ago in north-eastern China. The study published on 16 September 2021 in the journal Current Biology. An international collaboration between Chinese, English and German researchers has led to the discovery of world's oldest animal sperm inside a tiny crustacean trapped in amber around 100 million years ago in Myanmar. Their findings were published in the Royal Society journal on 16 September 2020. September 17 Chinese scientists and their international colleagues have carried out the first DNA analysis of the tiger, lion and snow leopard in an effort to help critically-endangered cats to survive. The research, published on 17 September 2013 in the journal Nature Communications, gives clues to how big cats evolved to become top predators with superior muscle strength and a carnivorous diet. September 18 China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation unveiled their lightest and energy-efficient carbon fiber metro train CETROVO on 18 September 2018. The new train is 13% lighter than traditional steel or aluminium metro trains and approximately 15% more energy efficient compared to traditional trains. China and India on 18 September 2014 signed 12 cooperation agreements in the fields of trade, space exploration, and civil nuclear energy sectors during Chinese President Xi Jinping visit to India. Under one of the cooperation agreements, China will invest $20 billion in India's infrastructure and manufacturing sectors over a period of five years. September 19 Chinese initiative Ant Forest won the 2019 Champion of the Earth Inspiration and Action award, the UN’s highest environmental honour, for inspiring consumers to reduce their carbon footprint, resulting in China’s largest private sector tree-planting initiative. September 20 China successfully launched cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-3 on 20 September 2021 to deliver supplies for its under-construction Tiangong space station. China on 20 September 2015 successfully launched a newly-developed carrier rocket, Long March-6, capable of taking satellites into the orbit. The newly developed carrier rocket which uses liquid propellant took off from a launch base in the northern province of Shanxi carrying 20 small satellites. China, the world's biggest carbon dioxide emitter, signed a financing agreement with the European Union on 20 September 2012 promoting the environment, transition towards a low-carbon economy and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in China. September 21 China and the Solomon Islands signed a joint communique in Beijing on 21 September 2019 to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries. Researchers in China have discovered an exceptionally preserved trilobite fossils, dating back to more than 500 million years ago, reveals that trilobite digestion was sophisticated from early on in their evolution. The finding was reported in the journal PLOS ONE on 21 September 2017. September 22 China and Venezuela on 22 September 2013 signed 12 agreements, including ones related to a finance fund deal, education, and a joint development between Chinese state-owned oil producer Sinopec and Venezuela’s national oil company, pointing to stronger ties between the two countries. September 23 Chinese researchers have dated when ancient birds and feathered dinosaurs began to molt, sequentially at least 70 million years ago, as revealed on 23 September 2020. September 24 Chinese director Xiaogang Feng's film I Am Not Madame Bovary won the Golden Shell Award for Best Film at the 64th San Sebastian film festival on 24 September 2016. September 25 China unveiled world's largest single-dish radio telescope Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (Fast) on 25 September 2016. The 500m (1,640ft) represents a leap forward for China’s astronomical capabilities. A team of scientists, including researchers from China, have found a fossil of a 419-million-year-old ancient armoured fish in China, in what is being hailed as the most significant paleontological discovery in decades. Their study was reported in the journal Nature on 25 September 2013. China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, officially entered into service on 25 September 2012, making China the tenth country in the world and the last among the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council to have an aircraft carrier in active service. The 300m (990ft) Liaoning - named after the province where it was refitted - is a refurbished Soviet ship purchased from Ukraine. September 26 China’s Zhejiang’s Green Rural Revival Programme was awarded the 2018 UN Champions of the Earth Award in the Inspiration and Action category for the transformation of a once heavily polluted area of rivers and streams in East China's Zhejiang province. September 27 September 28 September 29 In the first of its kind in China, the city of Shanghai officially opened a Free Trade Zone on 29 September 2013, analysts describing the move as one of the most potentially significant economic developments in over three decades. The zone is expected to ease restrictions on foreign investments and interest rates among others. A rocket carrying China's first space laboratory, Tiangong-1 or Heavenly Palace-1, was launched from the launch pad at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China's Gansu Province on September 29, 2011. This launch is expected to lay the groundwork for china's ambitions to become a major space power over the coming decade. September 30 Chinese table tennis star Ma Long won his first World Cup title at the Echo Arena in Liverpool in the Liebherr Men's World Cup on 30 September 2012.

October

October 1 China’s yuan joined the International Monetary Fund’s basket of reserve currencies on 1 October 2016 in a milestone for the government’s campaign for recognition as a global economic power, becoming the first currency to be added to the list since the emergence of the euro in 1999. The Canton Tower in Guangdong was opened for the public on 1 October 2010 as the tallest structure in China. This TV tower, antenna height, 600 m and roof height, 459.2 m, took approximately 6 years in making. October 2 A team of international scientists, including researchers from China, has discovered that Crickets were the first to chirp 300 million years ago. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Communications on 2 October 2020. Chinese pianist Lang Lang received the 2013 Classic BRIT Award for International Artist of the Year in recognition of his global success as a recording artist and performer, as well as his work in popularising the piano among young players in China and beyond. October 3 Chinese President Xi Jinping on 3 October 2013 became the first foreign leader to address Indonesia's parliament, signaling a push by the Asian economic powerhouses to expand relations. Earlier Beijing and Jakarta signed a series of economic agreements on 2 October 2013. October 4 October 5 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 was awarded, one half jointly to William C. Campbell of Ireland and Satoshi Ōmura of Japan for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites and the other half to Youyou Tu of China for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria. October 6 Beijing authorities have completed a network of monitors that will more accurately measure air quality in the pollution-ridden city, according to an official announcement by the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center on 6 October 2012. October 7 China has overtaken the United States to become the world’s largest economy based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) measure, according to figures from the International Monetary Fund published on 7 October 2014. Measuring gross domestic product using PPP the IMF now estimates China’s GDP at $17.6tn, against the US’s $17.4tn. China won its sixth straight gold medal in the men's team event at the World Gymnastics Championships on 7 October 2014. October 8 The Norwegian Nobel Committee decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2010 to Liu Xiaobo of China. He was awarded for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China. October 9 Chinese and American scientists have successfully sequenced the genomes of two important pumpkin species, Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata, as published on 9 October 2017 in Molecular Plant. October 10 October 11 China’s unmanned submersible Haidou-1 on 11 October 2021 recreated the country's deep-sea diving record by submerging 10,907 meters under water in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench. Chinese architect Li Xiaodong won the inaugural Moriyama Royal Architectural Institute of Canada International Prize for his design of the Liyuan Library, a modest library on the outskirts of Beijing, China, on 11 October 2014. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 was awarded to Chinese author Mo Yan who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary. October 12 Chinese novelist Gao Xingjian was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2000 for an œuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama. October 13 The United Nations (UN) General Assembly voted to elect China as a new Human Rights Council (HRC) member for three years on 13 October 2020. China and Russia on 13 October 2014 signed bilateral agreements covering economy, trade, investment, energy, finance, high-tech and a Local Currency Swap Agreement worth 150 billion Yuan/815 billion Ruble for the purpose of facilitating bilateral trade and direct investment and promoting economic development in the two countries. Fossil studies show prehistoric humans used to eat pandas, according to a newspaper interview of Chinese scientist Wei Guangbiao on 13 October 2012. October 14 Chinese writer Liao Yiwu received the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade during a ceremony in Frankfurt on October 14, 2012. October 15 A rare, expressive image of a fox attacking a marmot won Chinese photographer Yongqing Bao the prestigious 2019 Wildlife Photographer of the Year award. October 16 China on 16 October 2021 launched a rocket carrying three astronauts - two men and one woman - to the Tiangong space station where they will live and work for six months, the longest orbit for Chinese astronauts. Researchers from China, Japan, the UK and the USA have discovered the earliest known complete nervous system exquisitely preserved in the fossilized remains of a never-before described creature that crawled or swam in the ocean 520 million years ago. The fossil, recently discovered in South China, was reported on 16 October 2013 in the journal Nature. The People's Republic of China conducted its first nuclear test on October 16, 1964 in Lop Nur, China. Consequently China became the fifth country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapon. October 17 China launched its longest manned space mission, sending two astronauts into orbit to spend a month aboard a space laboratory that is part of a China' permanent space station to be completed around 2022. The Shenzhou-11 spacecraft with two astronauts on board entered its designated orbit on 17 October 2016. October 18 The China-Iceland Arctic Science Observatory was inaugurated and officially began operation on 18 October 2018 in Karholl, northern Iceland to further the scientific understanding on Arctic phenomena. October 19 Firefighters in China announced that, after three years' work, they have extinguished a century-old fire in an untapped coal deposit in the Baiyanghe mine in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and saved tons of coal reserves. October 20 A group of Chinese, US and Canadian scientists has found the oldest aquatic animal preserved in amber - tiny crab preserved in 100-million-year-old amber - as detailed in the journal Science Advances on 20 October 2021. October 21 October 22 China's Zhang Boheng won the men's all-around title at the world gymnastics championships on 22 October 2021, edging out Olympic champion Daiki Hashimoto on his home turf in Japan. October 23 China officially opened the world's longest sea crossing bridge on 23 October 2018, spanning around 55km (34 miles) and connecting Hong Kong to Macau and the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai. October 24 China sent a new marine satellite HY-2B into orbit on 24 October 2018 to form a network with the subsequent HY-2C and HY-2D for maritime environmental monitoring. China successfully launched an experimental spacecraft on 24 October 2014 that is scheduled to orbit the moon before returning to Earth, a first for the country's ambitious space program and considered a precursor to a planned mission to the moon. China was admitted as a member of the United Nations (UN) on 24 October 1945. October 25 October 26 China successfully launched the Tianhui-1C Earth observation satellite into orbit on a Long March 2D rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on 26 October 2015. October 27 Liwei Yang, the first Chinese national sent to space, was awarded the inaugural UNESCO Medal on Space Science at the UNESCO Headquarters on 27 October 2017. October 28 China's first self-developed 4-seater electric aircraft, the RX4E, made a successful maiden flight in the northeastern Chinese city of Shenyang on 28 October 2019. October 29 China announced the end of its hugely unpopular one-child policy on 29 October 2015 to allow all couples to have two children. October 30 October 31 Three projects from China won the Gold Medals in the Social and Cultural Buildings and Conservation projects, Adaptive reuse categories at the ARCASIA Awards for Architecture 2021.

November

November 1 China ranked as the fifth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2019. China on 1 November 2018 successfully launched the 41st BeiDou navigation system satellite onboard a Long March 3B rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. China ranked as the fifth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2018. China ranked as the fourth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2017. China ranked as the second most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2016. China ranked as the third most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2015. China ranked second in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries for 2014. China ranked third in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2013. China ranked fourth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2012. China ranked fourth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2011 revealed by Daily Positive (D+) published on November 1, 2011. November 2 China's first homemade large passenger aircraft C919 was unveiled in Shanghai on 2 November 2015. The plane was designed and developed by state-owned aviation manufacturer Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC). November 3 China successfully carried out its first docking exercise on 3 November 2011 between two unmanned spacecraft, a key test of the rising power's plans to secure a long-term manned foothold in space. November 4 Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered a shrimp-like fossil with five eyes that lived about 520 million years ago, which has provided important insights into the early evolutionary history of arthropods. The study was published in the journal Nature on 4 November 2020. China on 4 November 2015 successfully launched a communication satellite named ChinaSat 2C from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. It was carried by the Long March-3B carrier rocket and will be used for radio, television and broadband services. November 5 China launched two BeiDou-3 satellites into space via a single carrier rocket to support its global navigation and positioning network on 5 November 2017. November 6 China on 6 November 2020 successfully launched the world's first experimental 6G satellite into space to test the technology from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern Shanxi province. Shi Min Fang, a biochemist cum science writer and commentator, has shared the inaugural John Maddox Award for 2012. The award acknowledges the achievements of scientists who have succeeded in bettering science under much adversity. Fang often criticised fraudulent science and researchers putting people at risk with untested medicine and procedures. Despite being threatened with physical assault from those he has spoken out against, he has provided an active forum for China's scientific community to discuss and review research. November 7 November 8 China's Yaogan-28 remote sensing satellite was successfully sent into space on 8 November 2015 from Taiyuan launch site in Shanxi Province, north China. China and Pakistan on 8 November 2014 signed 19 agreements and Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) to further boost the bilateral ties between the two countries in various fields, including energy and basic infrastructure sectors. Chinese journalist Luo Changping was awarded the 2013 Integrity Award by Transparency International for courageously exposed corruption via his personal blog. November 9 November 10 Beijing-based Chinese author Jiang Rong was named the winner of the 2007 Man Asian Literary Prize for his novel Wolf Totem, a fictional account of life in the 1970s that draws on Jiang’s personal experience of the grasslands of China’s border region. The Great Wall of China was opened for tourism on November 10, 1970. November 11 November 12 China successfully launched a meteorological satellite, Yunhai-1, on 12 November 2016 from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China's gobi desert. Yunhai-1 was carried by a Long March-2D rocket, the 240th mission for the Long March rocket family. The United Nations General Assembly on 12 November 2013 elected China to serve on the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) for a period of three years beginning on 1 January 2014. November 13 Five new remote-sensing Ningxia-1 satellites were successfully launched by a Long March-6 carrier rocket into planned orbit from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in North China's Shanxi province on 13 November 2019. China has overtaken the USA to have the most supercomputers in the list of the world's fastest 500 systems, including the top two machines, according to the latest Top500 survey published on 13 November 2017. Scientists from China and the USA have unearthed the oldest big cat fossil yet, suggesting the predator — similar to a snow leopard — evolved in Asia and spread out. The fossil found in Tibet was estimated at 4.4 million years old and reported on 13 November 2013 in the Royal Society journal Proceedings B. November 14 November 15 China launched a new meteorological satellite, Fengyun-3D, on 15 November 2017 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern China's Shanxi Province. China unwrapped its boldest set of economic and social reforms in nearly three decades on 15 November 2013, relaxing its one-child policy and further freeing up state-dominated industries to private competition and eased limits on foreign investment in e-commerce and other businesses in a sweeping reform plan aimed at rejuvenating the economy. November 16 China was the proud organizer of the inaugural FIFA Women’s World Cup. The matches were played from November 16 to 30, 1991. November 17 For the fourth consecutive time, Tianhe-2, a supercomputer developed by China’s National University of Defense Technology, has retained its position as the world’s most powerful system with a performance of 33.86 petaflop/s (quadrillions of calculations per second) on the Linpack benchmark, according to the 44th edition of the twice-yearly TOP500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers announced on 17 November 2014. China and Australia on 17 November 2014 signed a Declaration of Intent for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). November 18 Tianhe-2, a supercomputer developed by China’s National University of Defense Technology, retained its position as the world’s most powerful system with a performance of 33.86 petaflop/s (quadrillions of calculations per second) on the Linpack benchmark, according to the 42nd edition of the twice-yearly TOP500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers announced on 18 November 2013. November 19 China sent two new satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System into space on a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province 19 November 2018. November 20 November 21 China launched three remote sensing satellites -- Jilin-1 04, Jilin-1 05 and Jilin-1 06 -- on 21 November 2017 from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in North China’s Shanxi province. A team of researchers from China, Germany, England and the USA have discovered an ancient, deep canyon buried along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in south Tibet, north of the eastern end of the Himalaya. The team reported their findings on 21 November 2014 in the journal Science Express. China’s first unmanned stealth drone made its first test flight on 21 November 2013 in the latest advance for the domestic arms industry. The drone, called "Sharp Sword", made a test flight for around 20 minutes in Chengdu. November 22 Chinese nephrologist Wang Yaoxian was awarded the Gusi Peace Prize for 2017 during a ceremony in Manila for his contributions in the field of medicine. China’s Lijun Chen broke the men’s 62 kilogram clean and jerk and overall world records on his way to claiming two gold medals at the 2015 International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) World Championships. Chen lifted record 183-kilos and total of 333 kilos to clinch the records. November 23 China on 23 November 2020 successfully launched ChangE5 spacecraft to bring back rocks from moon, a 23-day mission to deliver the first lunar samples to Earth since the 1970s. China sent two satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province on 23 November 2019. The film Blind Massage by Chinese director Lou Ye won six Golden Horse Awards in Taiwan, including Best Feature Film, Best New Performer, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Film Editing and Best Sound Effects, on 23 November 2014. November 24 China's Beijing Blues won the best film award at Taiwan's Golden Horse Film Festival, an event considered the Chinese-language Oscars, on 24 November 2012. November 25 Doctors successfully conducted China’s first uterus transplant, giving hope to more women struggling with infertility, as announced on 25 November 2015. A Chinese woman received the womb donated by her mother at the Xijing Hospital in Xi'an. November 26 Chinese film “The Summer is Gone” won the Best Feature Film Prize at the 53rd Golden Horse Awards on 26 November 2016. China's Yaogan-29 remote sensing satellite was successfully launched on 26 November 2015 from Taiyuan launch site in Shanxi Province, north China. The satellite will be used for experiments, land surveys, crop yield estimates and disaster relief. Chinese footballer Zheng Zhi won the Asian Player of the Year Award on 26 November 2013 presented by the Asian Football Confederation in Kuala Lumpur. On 26 November 1979 the International Olympic Committee voted to readmit China after an absence of 21 years. November 27 China successfully launched its new Zhongxing-1D satellite aboard a Long March-3B carrier rocket on 27 November 2021, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China's Sichuan Province. China’s tech giant Baidu officially launched its first commercial trial of self-driving vehicle in the capital city Beijing, as announced on 27 November 2021. Chinese astronomers have discovered a huge black hole in the Milky Way, dubbed as LB-1, which is 15,000 light years from Earth and has a mass 70 times greater than the Sun, as published in the journal Nature on 27 November 2019. November 28 November 29 Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande was named 2015 Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Club of the Year at a glittering ceremony in India. November 30 On November 30, 2021, China and Cyprus upgraded their relations to a strategic partnership on the 50th anniversary of the establishment of their diplomatic ties.

December

December 1 Chinese and Brazilian scientists have discovered 215 fossilised pterosaur eggs in China, which will help scientists gain a rare insight into the extinct flying reptiles, as published in the journal Science on 1 December 2017. Zhang Zilin from the China was crowned Miss World 2007 at the age of 23. Zilin was the first representative from China to win the Miss World title. The 2007 Miss World pageant was held in Sanya, China on December 1. December 2 China successfully launched its first moon rover mission on 2 December 2013. The Chang'e-3 rocket carrying a six-wheeled robotic rover called Jade Rabbit blasted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in an unmanned operation to start surveying the lunar surface and transmitting images. Archaeologists in northwest China's Shaanxi Province have unearthed the skulls of more than 80 young women who may have been sacrificed more than 4,000 years ago, as reported on 2 December 2013. December 3 China became the second nation to plant its flag on the Moon, more than 50 years after the US first planted their flag, on 3 December 2020. China launched a land exploration satellite into a preset orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi desert on 3 December 2017 aboard a Long March 2D rocket. December 4 China successfully powered up its "artificial Sun" nuclear fusion reactor, HL-2M Tokamak reactor, for the first time, as reported on 4 December 2020, marking a great advance in the country's nuclear power research capabilities. China and South Africa on 4 December 2014 signed a number of strategic agreements aimed at strengthening bilateral relations and trade ties during a State visit by South African President Jacob Zuma to China. December 5 December 6 December 7 China on 7 December 2021 launched its CERES-1 Y2 carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China, sending five small satellites into the planned orbit. An Earth observation satellite CBERS-4, jointly developed by China and Brazil, was successfully lifted off on 7 December 2014 from China's Taiyuan space launch facility as part of the bilateral cooperation program. Shanghai schoolchildren ranked best in the world at math and science in 2010 according to Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardised assessment that was jointly developed by participating economies and administered to 15-year-olds in schools. Data for the assessment which took place in 2009 was released on 7 December 2010. December 8 China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe was successfully launched on 8 December 2018 destined to land on the far side of the moon, a global first that would boost Beijing's ambitions to become a space superpower. Archaeologists in China have unearthed a 500-year-old tomb that contains wooden coffins of a husband and a wife along with extraordinarily well-preserved clothing decorated with elaborate designs, as reported on 8 December 2014. December 9 A new study conducted by a team of Chinese scientists claimed that human urine can be converted into brain cells. The study, published online on 9 December 2012 in the journal Nature Methods, found that cells generated from human waste might someday be used to study disease and even in therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. December 10 China successfully launched two satellites for the detection of gravitational waves into planned orbit from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on 10 December 2020. China on 10 December 2015 successfully launched communication satellite ChinaSat 1C for high-quality voice, data and radio and TV transmission services. The satellite was carried by the Long March-3B carrier rocket. China and New Zealand signed two agreements on science-technology and education cooperation. The agreements were signed on 10 December 2012 in Wellington during the three-day visit by Chinese State Councilor Liu Yandong ahead of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. December 11 China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), an organization commenced to deal with the rules of trade between nations, on 11 December 2001. December 12 December 13 Chinese archaeologists unearthed what is believed to be a 2,400-year-old pot of soup, revealed on 13 December 2010, in an ancient tomb in Xi'an, capital of Northwest China's Shaanxi province. December 14 China's lunar probe Chang'e-3, with the country's first moon rover onboard, successfully landed on the moon on 14 December 2013, marking the first time that China has sent a spacecraft to soft land on the surface of the moon. The success made China the third country, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to soft-land on the moon. December 15 Researchers from China and their international colleagues have constructed the most comprehensive global microbial gene catalog to date from 13,174 publicly available metagenomes across 14 major habitats based on a global microbiome concept, as published in the journal Nature on 15 December 2021. The 3,310-meter Galongla Tunnel, built at an altitude of 3,750 meters, is a highway tunnel that links Tibet's Metok county to the outside world, was completed on 15 December 2010. Due to the harsh natural conditions, Metok county is the only county in China which could not be accessed by car prior to the tunnel. December 16 China successfully sent two satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province on 16 December 2019. December 17 China’s first space-based dark-matter detector Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) successfully rocketed into the orbit on 17 December 2015, marking the start of a new direction in the country’s space strategy. With the new DAMPE satellite, scientists will look for evidences of dark matter that is believed to make up most of the universe. December 18 China's seventh "Beidou", or Compass, navigation satellite is launched into space on a Long March-3A carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan Province at 4:20 a.m. Beijing Time on December 18, 2010. Beidou navigation system is a project by China to develop an independent satellite navigation system. December 19 December 20 Scientists have found new evidence of the world's earliest fossil flower from specimens unearthed in the eastern China city of Nanjing, dating the origin of flowering plants to 174 million years ago, or the Early Jurassic, as revealed on 20 December 2018. December 21 Scientists from China, Canada and England have announced the discovery of a perfectly preserved dinosaur embryo that was preparing to hatch from its egg, just like a chicken, as revealed in the journal Cell on 21 December 2021. China's Liu Jiayu won the title at the women’s halfpipe Snowboard World Cup event on 21 December 2017. December 22 China's new medium-lift carrier rocket Long March-8 made its maiden flight on 22 December 2020, sending five satellites into planned orbit, blasted off from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. Scientists from China and their international colleagues have discovered fossils of 154 million-year-old limusaurus dinosaurs that had tiny, sharp teeth as a hatchling that it gradually lost as it grew up, according to their research published in the journal Current Biology on 22 December 2016. China launched its first carbon tracking satellite TanSat on 22 December 2016 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center as part of efforts to understand, monitor and tackle greenhouse gas emissions. December 23 December 24 China on 24 December 2017 successfully tested the world's largest and first homegrown amphibious aircraft AG600 following eight years in development. The plane has a 39.6-meter-long fuselage and 38.8-meter wingspan. December 25 China's ruling Communist Party on 25 December 2013 unveiled a five-year plan to fight pervasive graft as part of a sweeping crackdown on corruption since taking power. December 26 China launched world’s longest high-speed rail line on 26 December 2012. The line, 1,428 miles long, carries travellers from Beijing to Guangzhou, a southern economic hub, in just eight hours instead of the 20-plus hours it used to take. December 27 China's largest and most powerful rocket, the Long March-5, blasted off from the southern island of Hainan on 27 December 2019 in what has been widely regarded as a critical test of the nation's spacefaring abilities. China launched commercial and public services across the Asia-Pacific region on its domestic satellite navigation network built to rival the US Global Positioning System (GPS). The Beidou, or compass, system started providing services to civilians in the region on 27 December 2012 and is expected to provide global coverage by 2020. According to an official declaration on 27 December 2011, China's independent global satellite navigation system Beidou, an equivalent to the American Global Positioning System (GPS), became operational and started offering navigation data. December 28 On December 28, 2012, Guyana and China signed an agreement on economic and technical cooperation that will provide up to $4.8 million in support from China. December 29 China successfully launched its most sophisticated Earth-observation satellite Gaofen-4 on 29 December 2015 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. A Chinese Long March 3B rocket was used to deliver the satellite to orbit. In the midst of apparent government control, over different sectors of Chinese society, China allowed academics to own patents. China revised its Science and Technology Constitution on December 29, 2007 to allow scientists, institutes and universities to own patents arising from publicly-funded research in an effort to boost innovation. December 30 December 31

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