Sweden

January 1

• Sweden joined the European Union (EU), an economic and political union of European countries, on 1 January 1995.^[1]

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• Sweden won the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships gold on 5 January 2012 beating Russia 1-0 in the final. Mika Zibanejad scored the solitary goal in overtime to give Sweden its second world junior hockey title after 31 years.^[2]

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• A team of researchers from Sweden, Norway and the United States has found a genetic switch allowed dogs to adapt to a starch-rich diet and evolve from meat-munching wolves into Man's leftover-loving best friend. The research findings, comparison of the genetic code of the domestic dog to that of its wolf cousins, were published on 23 January 2013 in the journal Nature.^[3]

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• The European Commission on 28 January 2013 officially announced the selection of the Graphene, a project led by Jari Kinaret from the Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, as one of its two Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) Flagship projects.^[4]

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• A new species of whistling owl with a unique voice believed to exist nowhere else in the world has been identified on the island of Lombok in Indonesia, Swedish researcher along with an international team reported on 13 February 2013 in the journal PLoS One.^[5]

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• Swedish photographer Paul Hansen won the 2013 World Press Photo of the Year award for his image of mourners carrying brothers, two-year-old Suhaib Hijazi and three-year-old Muhammad, who were killed when their house was destroyed by an Israeli missile strike in Gaza City in 2012.^[6]

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• Scientists from Sweden, Japan and Australia, with the help of elephant seals wearing head sensors, have discovered how the ocean's coldest, deepest waters are formed, providing vital clues to understanding its role in the world's climate, according to a research published on 24 February 2013 in the journal Nature Geoscience. The tagged seals, along with sophisticated satellite data and moorings in ocean canyons, all played a role in providing data from the extreme Antarctic environment, where observations are very rare and ships could not go.^[7]

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• Sweden won the 2012 Women Bandy World Championship on 26 February 2012 beating Russia 5-3 in the final.^[8]

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• Flexenclosure, an engineering company based in Sweden, won the 2012 Green Mobile Award for its E-site solution at the Mobile World Congress on 28 February 2012. E-site is a green base station site power management solution for off-grid markets, mainly powered by renewable energy sources and with an intelligent control system that can bring a 90 percent reduction in diesel fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and energy OPEX compared to traditional solutions.^[9]

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• Sweden won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 for the first time with the entry Waterloo, performed by pop legends ABBA. The song became a huge international hit and was the starting point of the outstanding career of the Swedish four.^[10]

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• Swedish director Ingmar Bergman won his third Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1984 for Fanny and Alexander; a family drama set in a small Swedish town in the early 20th century and examining the themes of family ties, childhood and religion.^[11]

April 10

• Dag Hammarskjöld, a Swedish diplomat, served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from 10th April 1953 to 18th September 1961.^[12]

April 11

• Swedish researchers have discovered that people with both their hands and arms can experience the sensation of having "phantom limbs", a phenomenon thought to be only felt by amputees imagining that their missing limb was still present, according to a study published on 11 April 2013 in the US Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. The study shows that the sight of a physical hand is remarkably unimportant to the brain for creating the experience of one's physical self and is expected to help lead to future research on amputees' phantom pain.^[13]

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• Volvo, a Swedish builder of commercial vehicles, was officially founded on April 14, 1927, when the first car left the factory in Hisingen, Göteborg. The first Volvo, ÖV 4 model, was nicknamed "Jakob".^[14]

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• Ms. Viveka Bohn from Sweden was named one of the recipients of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Champions of the Earth Award on 19 April 2007. Ms. Bohn was awarded for her leadership in global efforts to ensure chemical safety, especially through the successful Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management process.^[15]

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• Viktor Johansson from the Swedish photography school Nordens Fotoskola Biskops-Arnö was awarded the Google Photography Prize 2012 for his series of images focused on Sweden’s best male diver from 10 meters Christoffer Eskilsson’s demanding training. Viktor produced photographs that focus on the long, lonely hours of repetitive training and practice that it takes to excel in a field.^[16]

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May 4

• Swedish singer Carola won the 1991 Eurovision Song Contest for the song Fångad Av En Stormvind. This was the third victory for Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest.^[17]

May 5

• Swedish pop group Herrey's, consisting of three brothers, won the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 for the song Diggi-loo Diggy-ley. The final took place on 5 May 1984 in Luxembourg.^[18]
• The fifth Summer Olympic Games were held in Stockholm, Sweden in 1912. The various competitions were spread out from May 5 to July 27, 1912. The 1912 Olympic Games were the first at which competitors from all five continents were represented.^[19]

May 6

• Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg who assisted in saving several thousand Jews during the Holocaust in Hungary was awarded the distinction of becoming Australia's first honorary citizen on 6 May 2013.^[20]

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• Sweden became the first home team to win the Ice Hockey World Championships in 27 years, beating Switzerland 5-1 on 19 May 2013 for its ninth title.^[21]

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• Swedish pop singer Loreen triumphed for Sweden at the 57th Eurovision Song Contest with the song Euphoria in 2012. It was Sweden's fifth Eurovision title.^[22]

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• Swedish singer Charlotte Nilsson won the 1999 Eurovision Song Contest for her song Take Me To Your Heaven. This was the fourth time that Sweden won the Eurovision contest.^[23]

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June 5

• A group of Swedish marine archeologists have found World's 'oldest fish trap', possibly 9,000 years old, according to an official announcement on 5 June 2012.^[24]

June 6

• Independence Day or National Day of Sweden. Since 1983, Sweden has celebrated its National Day on 6 June. This is the date on which Gustav Vasa was crowned king in 1523 and on which a new constitution was adopted in 1809.^[25]

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• Doctors in Sweden have replaced a vital blocked blood vessel in a 10-year-old girl using the world's first vein grown in a lab from a patient's own stem cells. The successful transplant operation, reported online in The Lancet medical journal on 14 June 2012, marks a further advance in the search for ways to make new body parts.^[26]

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• The Nobel Foundation, responsible for managing the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes, was founded on 29th June 1900 in Stockholm, Sweden. The prestigious Nobel Prizes and the foundation are based on the last will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist known for his invention of dynamite. [Source (Book): The Nobel Prize: the first 100 years By Agneta Wallin Levinovitz, Nils Ringertz]

June 30

July 1

• The decorated timber Farmhouses of Hälsingland in Sweden, standing as fine examples of folk, Baroque and Rococo arts by wealthy independent farmers, are named as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012.^[27]
• The Øresund Bridge, connecting Sweden and Denmark via road and rail lines, was opened for traffic on July 1, 2000.^[28]

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• On 7 July 2011 it is revealed that surgeons in Sweden performed the world's first synthetic organ transplant in a cancer patient using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells.^[29]

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• Yvonne Ryding from Sweden was crowned the Miss Universe title in 1984 at the age of 21. Yvonne became the third Swedish woman to win the title.^[30]

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• Margareta Arvidsson from Sweden won the 15th Miss Universe contest at the age of 18. The event was held on July 16, 1966 at the Miami Beach Auditorium, Florida, USA. Margareta was the second Swedish woman to win the title.^[31]
• First European banknotes were printed in Sweden on July 16, 1661. Bank of Stockholm printed the banknotes and became the first European bank to print banknotes.^[32]

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• Hillevi Rombin from Sweden won the 4th Miss Universe title on July 22, 1955 at the age of 21. Hillevi was the first Swedish to win the title.^[33]

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• Kicki Håkansson from Sweden was crowned 1951 Miss World on July 29, 1951. Håkansson was the winner of the first Miss World beauty pageant.^[34]

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• Ivar Rooth, a Swedish solicitor, served as the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s second Managing Director from August 3, 1951 to October 3, 1956. IMF is an organization of over 180 member countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.^[35]

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• Fredrik Loof and Max Salminen of Sweden won the men's star sailing gold medal at the London Olympic Games on 5 August 2012.^[36]

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• Surgeons in Sweden have successfully performed the world's first mother-to-daughter uterus transplants, according to an official announcement by the University of Gothenburg on 18 September 2012.^[37]

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• The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2011 is awarded to the Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality.^[38]
• Sweden's first telephone speaking-clock, a simulated voice service that provides the correct time, began operating on October 6, 1934.

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• Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson jointly won The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2000 for his contributions in the discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.^[39]

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• Alva Myrdal of Sweden, along with Alfonso García Robles from Mexico, jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize for 1982 for their central role in the United Nations' disarmament negotiations.^[40]

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October 24

• A new species of snake was found by two research colleagues, Johan Elmberg of Sweden and Arne Rasmussen of Denmark, when they were examining formalin-filled jars of snakes at the Natural History Museum in Copenhagen, according to an official announcement by the Kristianstad University of Sweden on 24 October 2012.^[41]

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November 1

• Sweden ranked tenth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2012.
• An international team of astronomers, that also includes researchers from Sweden, detected what appears to be light from the first stars in the universe, indicating that stars were present at least as early as 500 million years after the “big bang”. The findings were published on 1 November 2012 in the journal Science.^[42]

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• Sweden was elected on the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 November 2012 for a three-year term. The council was created by the UN General Assembly in 2006 as the main human rights body of the UN.^[43]

November 13

• May Louise Flodin from Sweden was crowned Miss World 1952. She was the second woman to win the title from Sweden. Miss World 1952, the second ever Miss World pageant, was held on November 14, 1952.

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• On 17 November 2011, it is revealed that Swedish divers discovered the wreck of one of the largest 17th century warships, Svärdet, off the coast of the Baltic island of Öland at a depth of between 160 and 320 feet.^[44]
• Mary Stävin, a Swedish model and actress, was crowned Miss World 1977 at the age of 20. Stävin was the third Swedish woman to win the title.

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• Per Jacobsson from Sweden was the third Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from November 21, 1956 to May 5, 1963. IMF is an organization of over 180 member countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.^[45]

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• Sweden and India on 26 November 2012 signed a social security agreement that will relieve their workers from double taxation and provide for cooperation in areas of labor market expansion and orderly migration. It is the first such agreement that Stockholm has signed with an Asian country.^[46]

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• Swedish researchers have for the first time described how Toxoplasma gondii, a parasitic disease, from cats affects the human brain. The research findings were published on 6 December 2012 in the journal PLoS Pathogens.^[47]

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• Swedish politician, Karl Hjalmar Branting, jointly won The Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 for his role as Swedish Delegate at the Council of the League of Nations – the precursor to the United Nations.^[48]
• Klas Pontus Arnoldson, a Swedish journalist and politician, jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908 for founding the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Association in 1883 and for his continuous efforts to establish peace.^[49]

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