Peru

January 1

• Peru became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), an organization commenced to deal with the rules of trade between nations, on 1 January 1995.
• Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, a Peruvian diplomat, served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1st January 1982 to 31st December 1991.^[1]

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• Peruvian archaeologists have discovered a temple believed to be about 5,000-years-old at the ancient El Paraiso archaeological site in a valley just north of Lima, Peru's Ministry of Culture revealed on 12 February 2013.^[2]

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• Two new species of woodlizards (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) have been discovered in the mountain rainforests of northeastern Peru, according to a study published by researchers from Peru, Ecuador and the USA on 15 March 2013 in the open access journal Zoo Keys.^[3]

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• Rosario Fernández sworn in as Peru's new prime minister on March 19, 2011. Fernández became the second woman Prime Minister of Peru after Beatriz Merino (2002-2003).^[4]

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• Peru adopted a resolution on 3 May 2012 in order to lower carbon emissions, include more renewable fuels in energy matrix and curb illegal logging in the Amazon rain forest.^[5]

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• Peru's president signed a new law on 16 May 2013 designed to reduce child obesity by encouraging healthier eating habits in schools. The law regulates advertising for fatty foods and fizzy soft drinks in schools, the first step in a plan to ban some junk food altogether.^[6]

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• Practical Action, founded in 1966 in Peru, was awarded the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Sasakawa Prize on 4 June 2008 for bringing renewable energy to villages in Peru.^[7]

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• Dr. Beatriz Merino Lucero was the first female Prime Minister of Peru. She held the post of Prime Minister from June 28, 2003 to December 15, 2003. Dr. Merino was the first woman elected as Prime Minister of a Latin American country.^[8]

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• Machu Picchu, a 15th-century Inca site in Peru apparently built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti, was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World by New7Wonders Foundation. The Official New 7 Wonders of the World were announced in random order at the Official Declaration Ceremony on July 7, 2007(07.07.07) in Lisbon.^[9]

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• Peru launched a $13m, money donated by the United States, project to fight child labor on 11 July 2012. The scheme will seek to boost access to education for children in three of Peru's poorest regions.^[10]

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• U.S. authorities returned 14 stolen and looted paintings and artifacts to Peru on 12 July 2012, including four archaeological items more than 2,000 years old.^[11]

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• Gladys Zender from Peru won the 6th Miss Universe contest on July 19, 1957. Gladys was the first Latin American women to win the title.^[12]

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• On 23 August 2011, Peru’s Congress unanimously approved a ‘historic’ new law that will make it mandatory to seek Indigenous Peoples’ consent before development projects are allowed to go ahead affecting them and their lands.^[13]

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• Peru and Chile signed a memorandum of understanding on 27 September 2012 between the two countries and NGO Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) regarding the demining process of Chile’s northern border. The memorandum, a sign of collaboration, outlines a mutually agreed upon territory for demining efforts and the conditions and methods to be used by the NPA.^[14]

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• The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2010 is awarded to the Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa on October 7, 2010 for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt, and defeat.^[15]

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• A poster titled El Lugar Perfecto Para Maravillarse De Verdad from Peru was announced as the winner of the 2011 Vettor Giusti Tourism Poster Competition under the Americas region category at the 19th General Assembly of the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). The competition is held every two years on the occasion of the UNWTO General Assembly and is an opportunity for member states to promote their destinations around the world.^[16]

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• Bolivian authorities on 6 November 2012 returned to Peru a 700-year-old mummy of a child of about two years of age. Bolivian police seized it two years ago from a woman who was going to ship it to France.^[17]

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• A 10-year ban on genetically modified foods in Peru came into effect on 15 November 2012. The law is aimed at preserving Peru’s biodiversity and supporting local farmers.

November 16

• Madeline Hartog-Bel won the 1967 Miss World contest representing Peru. She was the first Peruvian woman to win the title. Miss World 1967 was held at Lyceum Theatre, London, United Kingdom on November 16, 1967.^[18]

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• The Peruvian government apologized on 29 November 2009 for the first time to its citizens of African origin for centuries of abuse, exclusion and discrimination. This apology is a significant step forward towards enduring future.^[19]

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• María Julia Mantilla from Peru was crowned Miss World 2004 at the age of 20. She was the second Peruvian to win the title.^[18]

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• Peru replaced the 1979 Constitution and enacted a new constitution on December 31, 1993.^[20]